SQL server basics for beginners – SQL Server Blog Forum

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In this article, I am going to discuss about the basics of SQL server which is helpful for newbies.

SQL–Structured Query Language (pronounced as SEQUEL) is a Database, computer language designed for managing data in relational database management system (RDBMS).

Most of the people have to know SQL server query has designed for set based (declarative) .

The SQL commands are

DQL (Select)

DML (Insert, Update, Delete)

DDL (Create, Alter, Drop, Truncate)

DCL (Grant, Revoke, Deny)

TCL (Commit, Rollback)

Database

A Database stores all the data information (like objects) and has the default data file and log file. The data file is called mdf, ndf…. (One-mdf,more than one ndf). The log file is called ldf (More than one ldf)

Types

System databases

A system database will create by default when the SQL server installed.

User databases

A user database will create by the user.

SQL Server System Databases

Master
Resource (2005 onwards)
Tempdb
Model
Msdb

1. Master

The Master database manages the SQL Server instance. It stores system configuration, logins details etc..

In SQL Server 2005 onwards Master database stores only the logical information in the system objects residing in the sys schema.
In the previous editions of SQL Server, the Master database physically stores all the system objects, (tables, Sprocs etc.) information.

One of the main things is master and resource DB must be located in the same directory. Otherwise the server goes down 🙂

2. Resource

Introduced in SQL Server 2005 to help in managing the upgrade and rollback of the system objects (service pack).
Prior to SQL Server 2005 the system related data were stored in the master database.
It’s a hidden and read-only database that is not accessible via SQL server management studio.

3. TempDB

TempDB is a temporary database to store temporary tables like #local, ##global, table variables, cursors, work tables sorted in TempDB, etc…
When the SQL Server instance is rebooted, the TempDB database is recreated every time.

4. Model

Model is a template database for all user defined databases.
So we could use the model as a template for other user databases (such as the recovery model, DB size, SPs etc.…) i.e. Whenever you create a new database the template will taken from the model database.

5. MSDB

MSDB is the main database to manage the SQL Server Agent configurations.
It provides some of the configurations for the SQL Server Agent service (such as jobs alerts etc..) and it stores database backup details.

Important: Keep taking the system database backup regularly except tepmDB.

For More: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178028.aspx

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13 Comments

Anonymous

January 19, 2011 at 8:05 am Reply

Hi,

DDL (Create, Alter, Drop,Truncate)

Truncate is DDl command or ?

http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2008/01/15/sql-server-what-is-dml-ddl-dcl-and-tcl-introduction-and-examples/

by
pradeep

muthukkumaran

January 19, 2011 at 4:38 pm Reply

Hi pradeep,
yup, Truncate is DDL command .

Sarvan

September 30, 2011 at 9:31 am Reply

Hi Pradeep,

I am already a sybase dba and want to learn sql server also.so,can you please send (or) post me some basics of sql server,architecture and difference b/w the versions.

Thanks,
Saravnan.N

Muthukkumaran kaliyamoorthy

October 9, 2011 at 5:14 pm

Hi sarvan,

This is muthu. I suggest you to read this post and linked book

Lermon

October 20, 2011 at 5:12 am Reply

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Vesper

October 24, 2011 at 12:15 am Reply

Great blog you have here but I was wondering if you knew of any forums that cover the same topics discussed in this article? I’d really like to be a part of community where I can get feedback from other knowledgeable people that share the same interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know. Kudos!

Muthukkumaran kaliyamoorthy

October 24, 2011 at 8:25 am

I’m glad you liked it. Yep there is lot of forum is available. You may ask your question in MSDN and SQL server central.

Jennica

November 20, 2011 at 6:51 am Reply

What I find so intreesitng is you could never find this anywhere else.

Muthukkumaran kaliyamoorthy

November 21, 2011 at 10:34 pm

i’m glad it helps you.

sravanthi

March 5, 2013 at 12:15 pm Reply

Hi,
This is Sravanthi.I completed M.Sc.Biochemistry.Recently I have done SAS-BI course for 1yr.We have SQL part in it.I am not that much profound in sql.Ur information is really useful and inspiring.Can i get further information& basics about sql.I request u.I really wish to be good in sql platform.