Backup and Recovery Types: Physical backup – i. Cold backup ii. Hot backup & RMAN Logical backup – i. Export ii. Import Cold Backup Hot Backup RMAN Offline / consistent backup Online / partial / inconsistent backup, only a read consistent and no active transactions backup consistent DB down Can Backup online. Can Backup online. Both modes Database should be in archive mode Any Mode All physical files Tablespace, control file All physical + logical Cold Backup: It’s an offline backup/ consistent backup. Database needs to be down by – Shutdown immediate /normal Oracle will run checkpoint and write a SCN number. If you use, shutdown abort for…