Physical Database files: Password file It’s a physical file. “ORAPWD” is a command utility to create the file. To connect the oracle database as DBA, either by password file or OS group which has SYSDBA access. It assists the DBA with granting SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges to other users. The init parameter REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE specifies if a password file is used to authenticate the Oracle DBA or not. If it set either to SHARED or EXCLUSIVE, password file will be used. Sql> show parameter password SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users; The only time the password file is accessed is if someone logs on ‘as sysdba’. orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=secret Parameter files It’s…